Natural stresses magnify pesticide's side effects

Indirect Effects of Pesticides on Natural Enemies

Pesticides including insecticides and miticides are primarily used to regulate arthropod (insect and mite) pest populations in agricultural and horticultural crop production systems. However, continual reliance on pesticides may eventually result in a number of potential ecological problems including resistance, secondary pest outbreaks, and/or target pest resurgence [1,2]. Therefore, implement...

Terrestrial Field Trials for Side-effects of Pesticides

This thesis discusses terrestrial field trials to detect side-effects of pesticides, and concentrates on the roles of field trials in pesticide registration procedures and in research into the nature and extent of side-effects of pesticides in the Netherlands. The study was conducted at the Centre of Environmental Science at Leiden University (CML). Most of the results have been derived from a ...

Dietary pesticides (99.99% all natural).

The toxicological significance of exposures to synthetic chemicals is examined in the context of exposures to naturally occurring chemicals. We calculate that 99.99% (by weight) of the pesticides in the American diet are chemicals that plants produce to defend themselves. Only 52 natural pesticides have been tested in high-dose animal cancer tests, and about half (27) are rodent carcinogens; th...

Natural Pesticides and Future Perspectives

Do handwritten words magnify lexical effects in visual word recognition?

An examination of how the word recognition system is able to process handwritten words is fundamental to formulate a comprehensive model of visual word recognition. Previous research has revealed that the magnitude of lexical effects (e.g., the word-frequency effect) is greater with handwritten words than with printed words. In the present lexical decision experiments, we examined whether the q...